Studies are often carried out on patients on the basis of poor preclinical research results from animal experiments, that could result in personal risk or would have no therapeutic benefit. Often the preclinical data collected are based on insufficient numbers of cases and are not reproducible, while negative results are not published.
The authors substantiate their results with case studies from the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
Original publication:
Yarborough M, Bredenoord A, D'Abramo F, Joyce NC, Kimmelman J, Ogbogu U, Sena E, Strech D & Dirnagl U. (2018). The bench is closer to the bedside than we think: Uncovering the ethical ties between preclinical researchers in translational neuroscience and patients in clinical trials. PLoS Biol. 16(6):e2006343. doi: 10,1371/journal.pbio.2006343.
Further points of criticism and information:
https://www.bihealth.org/en/notices/press-release-thinking-beyond-the-lab-call-for-improved-ethics-in-preclinical-research/